7^th International Conference on Infectious Diseases, Bacteriology and Antibiotics October 12-13, 2020 Prague, Czech Republic

Biography:

Abdulla Al Amoodi is a Family Medicine Resident working in Ambulatory Healthcare System in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

Abstract:

Brucellosis is a systemic infection with a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic disease to severe or fatal illness. The incubation period is usually one to four weeks; occasionally, it may be as long as several month. we descripe a case of a 55 year old housewife presented with a complain of fever, nausea, vomiting, profuse sweating, malaise, headache, muscle fatigue and weight loss since 2 months. She was seen initially in different hospital and was given antibiotics (Amoxcicillin and Clavulanate acid) but she was not compliant with it. Past history is significant for diabetes since 8 years on Vildagliptin/Metformin and Glimpiride, stroke since 2 month ago on aspirin, hyperlipidaemic on rosuvastatin, and hypertensive for 2 years on Amlodopine/Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide. Physical examination showed a sick, pale female, with blood pressure of 118/67 mmHg, temperature of 38 degC, hepatosplenomegaly. Otherwise normal exam. Laboratory showed low hemoglobin, hematocrit and Mean corpuscular volume. High Red blood cell distribution width.  Normal white blood cell count and platelets. High ESR and CRP. Chest X ray normal. Mildly elevated liver enzymes. Positive CMV and EBV IgG. At this point, we suspected either infectious cause, malignancy or connective tissue disease. Patient went further investigations. Peripheral blood smear showed 1+ Anisocytosis, Polychrom, Hypochromasia. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly measuring 21.4 cm with mild splenomegaly. Blood culture came back positive for Brucella species (Gram Negative Coccobacilli). Upon further questioning, patient admits to handling and preparing uncooked camel meat. A diagnosis of brucellosis was made. She was eventually prescribed rifampicine combined with doxycycline for 6 consecutive weeks.

Biography:

Princess Alexandra B. Duque-David completed Doctor of Medicine at the age of 24 years at Far Eastern University- NRMF, Quezon City, Philippines. Recently, completed her residency training in Pediatrics at Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital, Pampanga, Philippines.

Abstract:

Measles is a highly contagious disease that often leads to substantial morbidity among pediatric patients especially when not addressed properly. While vaccination has already been implemented in the country, there is still a resurgence of measles outbreak. The study aims to describe the demographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients diagnosed with measles during the recent measles outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Central Luzon, Philippines; and to investigate the relationship of nutrition and measles immunization status with the outcomes of measles infection A ross sectional analytic study, conducted in Tertiary training government hospital situated in Pampanga. Patients included in the study were less than 19 years old, admitted between January to April 2019, and manifested the following criteria for suspected measles:  fever, generalized maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis. A total of 373 patients were included in this study, 60% (224) were males and 40% (149) were females. Majority were under 0-6 months, 40% (149). Most cases came from Pampanga, 333 (89.2%).  Three Hundred fifty five (95%) were classified as clinically compatible measles, seven (2%) were laboratory confirmed and all seven had Measles IgM antibodies, while four (1%) were epidemiologically linked cases. Most of the cases manifested the classic symptoms of measles: fever 100%, rashes 99%, cough 96%, colds 84%, conjunctivitis 55% while Koplik’s spots was seen in only 13% of cases. As to exposure, those with exposure (49%) and without exposure (51%) are almost the same.  Majority of the patients (285, 76%) had no measles vaccine and the top reason for non-immunization is the issue on the patients being too young for vaccination (9 months and below). Majority had normal nutritional status (72.4%). 312 reported the occurrence of clinical complications in patients with measles. Pneumonia was seen in 75% of cases and 9.3% had diarrhea. The occurrence of diarrhea is not directly correlated (p value 0.823) with the outcome of measles while Pneumonia shows significant correlation (p-value<0.001) with outcomes of measles. Death among patients was seen on cases of with pneumonia. The occurrence of pneumonia is not significantly correlated with nutritional status (p value 0.083) while diarrhea is significantly correlated with nutritional status (p value 0.027). Two hundred forty eight patients with normal nutritional status did not develop diarrhea.  Vaccination status shows significant correlation with occurrence of pneumonia (p-value 0.001). Out of the 285 non-vaccinated cases, 223 developed pneumonia. Vaccination status did not show significant correlation with occurrence of diarrhea (p-value 0.946). Nutritional status and vaccination status was not significantly correlated with measles outcome with the following p value of 0.605 and 0.120.In terms of outcome, 90% of the patients were discharged and 10% of the patients died.

Biography:

Abstract:

Abstract:The research work was conducted for isolation and identification of potential pathogenic bacteria from blow fly (Calliphoraspp.) and to investigate their antibiotic susceptibility. For this purpose, 20 blow flies were collected from 4 selected areas (Curzon Hall, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Fruit Store and Fish Market) of Dhaka city. A total of 40 samples (20 from external surface and 20 from alimentary gut homogenates) were prepared from the blow flies. Among the total 20 flies, 3(15%) were collected from Curzon Hall and 5(12.5%) isolates were obtained from them; 6(30%) flies were collected from DMCH which had 11(27.5%) isolates; 5(25%) flies were collected from fruit stores and 10(25%) isolates were collected from there; 6(30%) flies were collected from fish market and 14(35%) isolates were collected from there. The isolated bacteria were identified as E.coli, 12 (30%); Salmonella spp., 8 (20%); Shigella spp., 4(10%); Enterobacter spp., 3 (7.5%);Klebsiella spp., 2 (5%); Bacillus spp., 7 (17.5%) and Staphylococcus spp., 4 (10%) in number whichbased on morphology as observed under microscope as well as cultural and biochemical properties.All of these isolates wereresistant to various antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance of these species affect our human healthalso. This study demonstrated the potential of blow flies as a vector of variouspathogenic microorganisms and a mode of transmission of antibiotic resistance.

Biography:

Dr. Ugbo Emmanuel Nnabuike has completed his PhD at the age of 34 years from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State Nigeria. He is currently a Lecturer in the Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki Nigeria.  He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genotypes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Seventy three uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed and fifty two were confirmed for their ESBL production phenotypically using double disk synergy test. The presence of blaTEM and blaCTX-M ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli were determined molecularly using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Quality control of the DNA extraction was carried out by testing all the extracted DNA of each isolates for 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene. Out of 52 (71.2 %) ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli, 17 (32.7 %) were blaTEM, 35 (67.3 %) were blaCTX-M and 8 (15.3 %) harbored both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. CTX-M type ESBL was the most predominant ESBL among the isolates. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli evaluated in this study showed varying degree of resistance to the antibiotics tested. However, cefepime recorded 37.0 % resistance, ceftazidime (79.5 %), ceftriaxone (57.5 %), cefpodoxime (68.5 %), azatronam (61.6 %), cefotaxime (83.6 %), amoxycillin (72.6 %). In conclusion this study demonstrated present of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Thus, routine clinical detection of ESBL using phenotypic method should be introduced in the clinical setting since molecular methods is expensive to checkmate drug resistance due to ESBL productions by organisms.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biofilm is a matrix in which a microorganism encased  in it and survive environmental stresses. It help the organism to resist the antibiotics and disinfectants, chronic biofilm associated  infection lead to significant increase in morbidity and mortality especially patient with indwelling medical devices. The objectives of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite and antimicrobial activity of methicillin and vancomycin against biofilm of  isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical samples. The results revealed that most biofilm strains were sensitive to vancomycin, some strains were sensitive some were moderate resist and some were resist to methicillin. In comparing different concentrations (0.3%, 0.2%, 0.15% and 0.075%) of chlorhexidine among time time interval (1min, 3min and 5min) concentrations showed significant decrease in biofilm formation in association with time; P value(0.001, 0.001, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively).

Different concentrations (5%, 4%, 2.5% and 1.25%) of sodium hypochlorite also tested  through the same time intervals; concentrations showed significant decrease in biofilm in association with time; P value (0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively). Conclusions and significant Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive, moderate resist and  resist to both vancomycin and  methicillin; both chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite were reduce biofilm in according to concentration and  time of contact.

Biography:

Abstract:

Case report-

Introduction: One of the most important parasites which frequently causes blindness in humans is the cysticercus cellulosae which is the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium .Humans are the intermediate hosts in the life cycle. Cysticercus cellulosae may become encysted in various bodily tissues, usually the eyes, central nervous system, and subcutaneous tissues leading to an immunologic reaction with  intense inflammatory signs and symptoms. Acquired strabismus, diplopia, recurrent redness, and painful proptosis are some of the clinical signs in patients with orbital cysticercosis. Diagnosis of cysticercosis is based mainly on orbital imaging.

Case report: 8 year old girl presented to pediatric department of AIIMS rishikesh with a large cystic swelling in the upper part of the right eye which was gradual in onset and constant in size for the past 6 months. On examination, the visual acuity was 6/5, N6 in both the eyes. On examination of right eye  a large 1.5 × 1.5 cm firm and mobile mass was present at the 10 o’clock meridian. B-scan ocular ultrasonography revealed a well-defined cystic lesion with clear contents and a hyperechoic area suggestive of a scolex. A-scan USG showed high amplitude spikes corresponding to the cyst wall and scolex.MRI brain revealed associated neuro-cysticercosis. The child was started on oral steriods followed by albendazole at 15 mg/kg. Steroids tapering was started after 14 days while albendazole was continued for six weeks till complete resolution of the swelling which was monitored by serial ocular USG scans. Medical management is the standard of care for extraocular  cysticercosis¹.To the best of out knowledge there has been no case report on complete resolution of subconjunctival cysticercosis by medical management alone^2,3 and surgical management has been used early in the course of disease with associated complications of invasive management^4,5,6.Thus our case adds to the existing literature in the management of subconjunctival cysticercosis.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Patel D, Trivedi H, Murade S, et al. Ocular cysticercosis: a review. Bombay Hosp J. 2011;53:420–5.
2. Gupta C. and Alam S. A case of non-resolving subconjunctival cysticercosis managed by surgical excision, Sci J Med & Vis Res Foun 2016;XXXIV:67–69.
3.  S. Giriyan S, Kumar Nirala N. Subconjunctival Cysticercosis: Case Report and Review of Literature. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2016;5(8):1939-42.
4. Dhiman R, Devi S, Duraipandi K, Chandra P, Vanathi M, Tandon R, Sen S. Cysticercosis of the eye. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug 18;10(8):1319-1324. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2017.08.21. PMID: 28861361; PMCID: PMC5554854.
5. Kaliaperumal S, Rao VA, Parija SC. Cysticercosis of the eye in South India--a case series. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2005;23:227–30.
6. Bodh SA, Kamal S, Kumar S, Goel R, Nagpal S, Aditya KOrbital Cysticercosis. DJO 2012;23:99-103.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction:

Congenital syphilis is a vertically transmitted infectious disease with devastating consequences during the perinatal period, including stillbirth. In 2018, 367 Texas cases of congenital syphilis were reported to DSHS representing a 124% increase as compared to 2017. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief historical perspective of syphilis coding, reporting, and monitoring system changes since 1992, discuss Texas syphilis incidence, and assess risky behaviors among women with primary or secondary syphilis.

Methods:

Quantitative data was obtained from Texas DSHS STD Surveillance data, CDC AtlasPlus, STD Surveillance 2018 report, and CDC Syphilis Surveillance Supplement 2013–2017.

Results:

The possible association between risky sexual behaviors among reproductive-age women, such as the use of phone applications like Tinder, and increased rates of congenital syphilis have come into question. In 2017, risky behaviors reported by American women with syphilis were having sex while intoxicated (36.7%), having sex with an anonymous partner (21.8%), use of methamphetamine (16.6%), and having met a sex partner through the internet (11.6%). Women aged 35-39 were most likely to report of having sex while intoxicated (45.3%) followed by ages 25-34 (41.3%). Women aged 15-19 were most likely to meet a sex partner on the internet (16.7%). 22.6% of women reported the use of ‘other drug’, not categorized under ‘crack’, ‘poppers’, ‘cocaine’, ‘heroin’, ‘methamphetamine’, ‘injection drugs’. Further, younger individuals were more likely to report the use of an ‘other drug’ with increasing annual trends since 2013.

Conclusion:

The highest reported risky behavior among women with syphilis was having sex while intoxicated. Unexpectedly, having met a sex partner on the internet was not among the highest reported risky behavior. Clarification of ‘other drugs’ may be beneficial in understanding the risky behaviors among young women with syphilis. Since linked data for risky behaviors among reproductive-age Texas women with syphilis is not readily available, assumption regarding the congenital syphilis cases cannot statistically be justified as causal. Nevertheless, the correlation between risky sexual behaviors among reproductive-age women and increasing congenital syphilis rates warrants further investigation. A causal relationship between these two variables cannot be excluded until linked state-level data is available.

Biography:

Abstract:

The issue of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major global public health problem, particularly in developing countries such as Benin. The general objective of this study was to contribute to the resolution of antibiotic resistance problem of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. For this purpose, forty-eight (48) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from four (4) laboratories in southern Benin were collected during the period from May 13 to August 02, 2019. Conventional microbiological manipulation techniques were used for identification of strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The resistance profile of the strains against antibiotics was determined according to the methodology recommended by the French Society of Microbiology 2019. Mathematical modeling of the resistance of strains was made using deterministic compartmental models. Results for the antibiotic susceptibility test showed high penicillin resistance, moderate resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and low resistance to carbapenems. The mathematical modelling made it possible to project the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains at the horizon 2024. Thus, a high frequency of resistance was observed to almost all the antibiotics tested. Only Imipenem, which in 2019 showed a resistance rate of 6.19%, will have a moderately low resistance rate (34.80%) in 2024. These results demonstrate an urgent need for surveillance and control of antibiotic resistance in Benin and urge to explore new sources such as medicinal plants.